Second-Generation Cephalosporin (2nd generation cephamycin)
Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible), Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin susceptible), Streptococcus spp (less activity for Gram positives compared to 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins), Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitides, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli Bacteroides spp.
Cephalosporins exert bactericidal activity by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis and inhibiting cross-linking of the peptidoglycan. The cephalosporins are also thought to play a role in the activation of bacterical cell autolysins which may contribute to bacterial cell lysis.
Cephalosporins exhibit time-dependent killing (T > MIC)
Dose of 2g: Cmax: 140 mcg/L; Protein binding: 85%; Half-life: 1-1.5 hours; Table 10
Hypersensitivity: Maculopapular rash, Urticaria, Pruritis, Anaphylaxis/angioedema, eosinophilia
Hematologic: Hypoprothrombinemia, Neutropenia, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia
GI: Diarrhea, C. difficile disease
Renal: Interstitial nephritis
IV: Powder for reconstitution: 1g, 2g
2g IV q 6-12h
Not Recommended
Renal failure: CrCl > 90: Standard dosing
CrCl 50-90mL/min: 1-2g q12h
CrCl 30-49mL/min: 1-2g q16h
CrCl 10-29mL/min: 1-2g q24h
CrCl < 10mL/min: 1-2g q48h
Hepatic failure: No dosing changes recommended at this time.
Precautions: hypersensitivity to penicillins, history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis, renal impairment, concomitant alcohol intake (disulfiram reactions)
Live Typhoid Vaccine - decreased immunological response to the typhoid vaccine
Category B: No evidence of risk in humans but studies inadequate.
Therapeutic: Culture and sensitivities, serum levels, signs and symptoms of infection, white blood cell count
Toxic: Urinalysis, BUN, SCr, AST and ALT, skin rash, Neutropenia and leukopenia, Prothrombin time in patients with renal or hepatic impairment or poor nutritional state, as well as patients receiving a protracted course of antimicrobial therapy, and patients previously stabilized on anticoagulant therapy.
Zefazone Ò/Upjohn