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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex

 

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Sliding Table of Contents on the left of the screen

 

Tables and Figures

Figure 1. Monitoring Patients Receiving Isoniazid

Table 1.  Dosages, Pharmacokinetics and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Antituberculosis Medications

Table 2.  First Line Drugs [Download PDF]

Table 3.  Second Line Drugs [Download PDF]

Table 4.  Drug Regimen For Culture-positive Pulmonary tuberculosis [Download PDF]

Table 5.  Selected Treatment Regimens for Drug-Resistant tuberculosis. [Download PDF]

Table 6.  Dosing Recommendations in Patients Receiving Chronic Hemodialysis [Download PDF]

Table 7.  Criteria for Positive Tuberculin Skin Test, By Risk Group [Download PDF]

Table 8.  Recommended Treatment Regimens for LTBI [Download PDF]

 

Vignettes

Editorial Comment: Sun, HY. Efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy is a better choice for HIV-positive patients treated with rifampicin-based antituberculous therapy. 2009.

Review Article: Drobniewski FA, Caws M, Gibson A, Young D. Modern laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003 Mar;3:141-7.

Review Article: Pillay T, Khan M, Moodley J, Adhikari M, Coovadia H. Perinatal tuberculosis and HIV-1: considerations for resource-limited settings. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004 Mar;4(3):155-65.

Review Article:  CDC. Managing Interactions in the Treatment of HIV Related Tuberculosis.  2007. Available from URL: http://www.cdc.gov.tb/TB-HIV_Drugs/default.htm.

Review Article: Meintjes G, et al. Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case definitions for use in resource-limited settings. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8(8):516-523.

Review Article: Mitnick CD, et.al. Comprehensive Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Aug 7;359(6):563-74.

Review Article: Jain SK, et al.  Why is duration of Tuberculosis therapy so long?: Sterilization or "persisters" Microbe 2008;3(6):285-292.

Guideline:  American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: Controlling Tuberculosis in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;172:1169-1227.

Guideline: International Standards for Tuberculosis Care (Endorsed by IDSA) World Health Organization, 2006.

Guideline:  ATS/CDC/IDSA. Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Tuberculosis.  MMWR 2003;52 (RR-11).

Iseman MD. Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Charles Darwin Would Understand. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:1415–6.

Ullman A.  Pasteur-Koch: Distinctive Ways of Thinking about Infectious Diseases.  Microbe 2007;2(8):383-387.

Mackowiak PA, et al. On the Origin of American Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:515-518.

Schultz, M. Theobald Smith. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008. Dec; 14:1940-2.

Wirth, T et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Homo sapiens: Microbiological and Anthropological Coevolution. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:v–vi.

Achkar et al. Differences in Clinical Presentation among Persons with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Comparison of Documented and Undocumented Foreign-Born versus US-Born Persons. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Nov 15;47(10):1277-83.

Bakir M et al. Use of T Cell-based Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infection to Optimize Interpretation of Tuberculin Skin Testing for Child Tuberculosis Contacts.Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Feb 1;48(3):302-12.

Boulle A. Outcomes of Nevirapine- and Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy When Coadministered With Rifampicin-Based Antitubercular Therapy. JAMA 2008;300(5):530-539.

Cattamanchi A et al. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Isoniazid-monoresistant Tuberculosis.Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Jan 15;48(2):179-85.

Christie LJ, et al.  Diagnostic Challenges of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis.  Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:1473-1475.Danchaivijitr N, et al.  Diagnostic Accuracy of MR Imaging in Tuberculosis Spondylitis.  Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand.  2007:90(8):1581-1589.

Finnell SM et al. Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Children: A Call for Revised Treatment Guidelines. Pediatrics. 2009 Mar;123(3):816-22.

Forgacs P, Wengenack NL, et al. Tuberculosis and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Nov;53:4789-93.

Gao XF, et al. Rifapentine vs. rifampicin for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009 Jul;13:810-9.

Holland DP, Sanders GD, et al. Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Four Treatment Regimens for Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Jun 1;179:1055-60.

Jacob JT, Nguyen TM, Ray SM. Male genital tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008 May;8:335-42.

Kwon et al. Treatment Outcomes for HIV-uninfected Patients with Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 15;47(4):496-502

Lighter, J. et al. Latent Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Children by Using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test. PEDIATRICS Vol. 123 No. 1 January 2009, pp. 30-37 (doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3618)

McIlleron H, Willemse M, et al. Isoniazid plasma concentrations in a cohort of South African children with tuberculosis: implications for international pediatric dosing guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Jun 1;48:1547-53.

Mitnick CD, et al.  Comprehensive Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.  N Engl J Med 2008;359:563-574.

Pai M, et al. Systematic Review: T-Cell-based assays for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: An Update.  Ann Intern Med 2008;149:177-184.

Pai, M, Ramsay,  O'Brien R. Table: Evidence-Based Tuberculosis Diagnosis. PLoS Medicine | www.plosmedicine.org  2008; 5:e156.

Park SH, Yang SK, et al. Prospective Randomized Trial of Six-Month Versus Nine-Month Therapy for Intestinal Tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Oct;53:4167-71.

Thee S, et al.  Ethambutol in paediatric tuberculosis: aspects of ethambutol serum concentration, efficacy and toxicity in children.  Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007;11:965-971.

Thee S, et al. Rifampicin Serum Levels in Childhood Tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009 Sep;13:1106-11.

Tovar M, et al. Improved diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis using the microscope-observation drug-susceptibility technique. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:909-12.

Ziakas PD, Mylonakis E. 4 months of rifampin compared with 9 months of isoniazid for the management of latent tuberculosis infection: a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness study that focuses on compliance and liver toxicity. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Dec 15;49:1883-9.

Alffenaar JWC, et al.  Pharmacokinetics of Moxifloxacin in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma in Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis.  Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:1080-1082.

Karim SSA, et al.  Concurrent Antiretroviral/TB Treatment Decreases Mortality in HIV Patients. CAPRISA Newsletter September 2008.

Karim SS.  Timing of initiation of antiretroviral drugs during tuberculosis therapy.  N Engl J Med 2010;362;(8):697-706.

Cain KP, et al.  An Algorithm for Tuberculosis Screening and Diagnosis in People with HIV.  N Engl J Med 2010;362(8):707-716.

Boehme CC, et al.  Rapid Molecular Detection of Tuberculosis and Rifampin Resistance. New Engl J Med 2010:Epub ahead of publication.

Small PM, et al.  Tuberculosis Diagnosis - Time for a Game Change.  New Engl J Med 2010:Epub ahead of publication.

Low DE. Fluoroquinolones for Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Tuberculosis: Putting the Risk of Resistance into Perspective.  Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:1361-1363.

McGrath EE, et al.  Diagnostic Tests for Tuberculosis pleural effusion.  Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010;29:1187-1193.

Martinson NA, et al. New regimens to prevent Tuberculosis in adults with HIV infection. NEJM. 2011 July 7 ;365:11-20.

 

Authors

  Dr. Chi Chiu Leung, Dr. Kwok Chiu Chang,   Hsin-Yun Sun, M.D., Charles L. Daley, M.D.
 

Previous Editions: Charles L. Daley, M.D., Henry F. Chambers, M.D.

 

 

 

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