Objectives: To determine the effect of adjuvant prednisolone use on the development of abacavir (ABC)- and nevirapine (NVP)-associated hypersensitivity reactions (HSR).
Methods: Randomized open-label study in antiretroviral-naive adult HIV-1 infected patients using a factorial design in which NVP and/or hydroxyurea (HU) and/or prednisolone are added to a regimen of ABC, zidovudine and lamivudine. Prednisolone (40 mg once daily) was added for the first 2 weeks of treatment. As it was difficult to distinguish ABC-associated HSR from NVP-associated HSR, these events were treated as a composite endpoint. The odds ratio (OR) of developing HSR for prednisolone-use was calculated with and without stratification by NVP and/or HU. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for developing HSR.
Results: Of the 229 patients 115 were randomized to prednisolone and 114 to no-prednisolone; 19 (17%) and 11 (10%) patients, respectively, developed HSR. The expected prevention of HSR by prednisolone use was not observed. In fact use of prednisolone showed an increased risk for HSR although this did not reach statistical significance [OR, 1.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82-4.03]. There was a higher incidence of HSR in the NVP group than in the non-NVP group (20% versus 6%; P = 0.002). An additional risk factor identified in a multivariate logistic model was a high baseline CD4 cell count (OR, 1.26 per 100 x 10(6) cells/l increase; 95% CI, 1.06-1.51).
Conclusions: The simultaneous start of ABC and NVP in first-line antiretroviral regimens should be avoided because of a high (20%) incidence of HSR. Short-term therapy with prednisolone did not prevent HSR in patients using ABC with or without NVP.