Benzimidazoles

Table 1. Dosage Regimens of Albendazole

Infection	Dose/Regimen	Cure Rate	Egg Reduction Rate	Notes
Hookworm Necator americanus Ancylostoma duodenale	400 mg x 1	75% 92%	88% (both species)	Larvicidal activity against. Necator americanus (32) ovicidal activity against both Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (18)
Roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides	400 mg x1	95%	99%
Whipworm Trichuris trichuria	400 mg x1	48%	75%
Pinworm Enterobius vermicularis	400 mg x1	98%	NA
Strongyloidiasis Strongyloides stercoralis	400 mg daily x 3 days	62%	NA	Parasitologic determination of cure problematic. Ivermectin is the drug of choice.
Angiostrongyliasis Angiostrongylus cantonensis Angiostrongylus costaricensis				Therapy controversial. May actually worsen the condition
Dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana	400 mg daily x 3 days	69.5%	65-77%
Intestinal tapeworm Taenia solium Taenia saginata	400 mg daily x 3 days	85%	75-90%	Caution advised if infection is with T. solium, as adverse neurologic events may ensue if neurocysticercosis coexists
Baylisascariasis Baylisascaris procyonis	25 mg/kg/day x 10 days			Not of proven efficacy. If started up to 3 days following exposure (ingestion of racoon stool or contaminated soil), therapy may prevent clinical disease (11)
Capillariasis Capillaria philippinensis	400 mg daily x 10 days	94%
Cutaneous larva migrans Ancylostoma braziliensis	400 mg daily x 3 days			Alternatives include oral ivermectin or topical thiabendazole
Lymphatic filariasis Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi	400 mg x1			In combination with either ivermectin (200µg/kg) or diethylcarbamazine (6 mg/kg), therapy results in both microfilaricidal and macrofilaricidal effect.
Mansonella perstans	400 mg bid x 10 days
Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis	10 mg/kg/day x 10 days			An alternative to praziquantel (60).
Giardiasis Giardia lamblia	400 mg daily x 5 days	97%		An alternative to metronidazole and tinidazole. Drug failure has been observed, and resistance can develop on therapy (101)
Gnathostomiasis Gnathostoma spinigerum	400 mg bid x 21 days			The 2 day regimen of ivermectin (200 µg/kg/day) is of equivalent efficacy and may be more convenient (73)
Gongylonemiasis (Gongylonema sp.)	10 mg/kg/day x 3 days			Not of proven efficacy. May be an alternative to surgical removal.
Loiasis Loa loa				Indicated in two settings: i) in heavy infection with high grade microfilaremia, where the slow fall in microfilaremia seen with this drug may prevent the occurrence of the encephalopathy sometimes observed with the more rapid clearance following DEC or ivermectin therapy; ii) in patients with refractory infection or intolerant of DEC (51)
Hydatid cyst Cystic echinococcosis Echinococcus granulosus	15 mg/kg/day (max 800 mg/day) in 2 divided doses x 1-6 months			Alternatives include surgical resection, or percutaneous drainage under ultrasound guidance + albendazole (PAIR) (50,107). Albendazole in cycles of 28-30 days and a dose of 10-15 mg.kg^-1 (400 mg bid) results in clinical and radiological improvement in up to 82% of cases, while up to 22% of cases relapse once treatment is ceased (36).
Alveolar echinococcosis Echinococcus multilocularis	15 mg/kg/day (max 800 mg/day) in 2 divided doses			For patients with operable disease, surgical resection is the treatment of choice, followed by chemotherapy for ≥ 2 years; for inoperable, incompletely resected or post-transplant disease long term chemotherapy is indicated (107).
Cysticercosis Taenia solium	15 mg/kg/day (max 800 mg/day) in 2 divided doses			Benefit of therapy controversial (87). If undertaken it should be administered with high dose corticosteroids. Ophthalmic examination should be done first to rule out intraocular cysts. Can cause permanent paralysis in setting of spinal cyst. Most studies have continued treatment for a period of approximately one month but this can be reduced to eight days with no reduction in clinical response (91). Superior to praziquantel in comparative studies. Moreover, treatment duration is shorter (8 days with albendazole, versus ≥15 days for praziquantel).
Microsporidiosis Encephalitozoon hellem Encephalitozoon cuniculi Vittaforma cornea Encephalitozoon intestinalis Trachipleistophora sp. Brachiola vesicularum	400mg bid x 14-21 days			In ocular disease in HIV-infected patients oral albendazole therapy should be combined with topical Fumagillin. Albendazole is ineffective in disseminated microsporidiosis due to Pleistophorea spp.
Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis	400 mg bid x 8-14 days
Visceral larva migrans Toxocara sp.	400 mg bid x 5 days

Table 2. Dosage Regimens of Mebendazole.

Infection	Dose/Regimen	Cure Rate	Egg Reduction Rate	Notes
Hookworm (Necator americanus Ancylostoma duodenale)	100 mg bid x3 days 500 mg x1	95-100% 22-91%	52-98% 82-98%	Larvicidal activity against. Necator americanus; ovicidal activity against both Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale.
Roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides	100 mg bid x3 days 500 mg x1	95-100% 95-100%	99% 99%
Whipworm Trichuris trichuria	100 mg bid x3 days 500 mg x1	14-78% 14-78	82-99% 82-93%
Pinworm Enterobius vermicularis	100 mg once; repeat in 2 wks	X%	NA
Angiostrongyliasis Angiostrongylus cantonensis Angiostrogylus Costaricensis				Not of proven efficacy. In combination with corticosteroid therapy, it has been reported to shorten the course of infection. May worsen patient’s condition.
Capillariasis Capillaria philippinensis	200 mg bid x 20 days	94%		A shorter course of albendazole in a dose of 400 mg daily is equally effective
Mansonella perstans	100 mg bid x 30 days
Trichostrongylus	100 mg bid x 3 days
Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis	200-400 mg tds x 3 days, then 400-500 mg tds x 10 days
Visceral larva migrans Toxocara sp.	100-200 mg bid x 5 days

Table 3. Dosage Regimen of Thiabendazole

Weight	Each dose/tablet	Each dose/suspension
30 lbs	0.25 g (0.5 tablet)	2. 5 mL (0.5 teaspoon)
50 lbs	0.5 g (1 tablet)	5 mL (1 teaspoon)
75 lbs	0.75 g (1.5 tablets)	7.5 mL (1.5 teaspoon)
100 lbs	1 g (2 tablets)	10 mL (2 teaspoons)
125 lbs	1.25 g (2.5 tablets)	12.5 mL (2.5 teaspoons)
> 150 lbs	1.5 g (3 tablets)	15 mL (3 teaspoons)

Hymenolepis nana

Baylisascaris procyonis

Capillaria philippinensis

Clonorchis sinensis

Giardia lamblia

Gnathostoma spinigerum

Taenia solium

Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella spiralis