Table 1.  Pharmacokinetics of Chloramphenicol [Mean ± SD (Range)] Among Different Patient Populations Receiving Chloramphenicol Succinate1

Age

Cp

(mg/ml)

tmax

(hr)

t1/2

(hr)

Vd

(L/kg)

CL t

(ml/min)

CL r

(ml/min)

Reference

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

43-69 Y 2

NA

1.7

(1.0-2.5)

5.1

(3.1-8.1)

 

0.55

(0.37-1.00)

88.3 3

(53.4-189.0)

10.53

(0-30.0)

(119)

19-64 Y

15.4±5.8 4

0.3±0.2

3.2±1.0

0.81±0.18

228.0±113.4

22.4±9.0

(19)

 

1 M-6 Y

NA

NA

4.0± 1.8

(2.1-8.3)

1.39±0.34

(0.78-2.09)

 

52.8±35.6

(8.8-135.3)

NA

(116)

 

 

2.4- 4.8 M

 

 

6 M- 2 Y

 

 

7- 15 Y

32.4 5

(16.5-51.1)

 

20.45

(11.0-37.0)

 

21.85

(11.8-32.9)

NA

 

 

NA

 

 

NA

5.6

(4.2-7.6)

 

3.8

(2.0-9.8)

 

3.0

(2.1-5.2)

0.79

(0.61-0.88)

 

1.44

(1.04-2.36)

 

0.97

(0.84-1.10)

10.5

(7.7-12.7)

 

27.6

(14.2-34.7)

 

130.2

(100.5-159.8)

 

NA

 

 

NA

 

 

NA

(18)

 

 

(18)

 

 

(18)

2.5 M- 20 Y

29.6±16.2 6

(9.3-66.7)

NA

4.0±1.9

(2.1-7.9)

0.71±0.52

(0.25-1.99)

30.4±23.8

(1.5-70.0)

7.1±7.8

(0.7-23.1)

(96)

 

10.4± 3.3 D

NA

NA

16.1± 2.9

NA

1.1±0.2 7

NA

(105)


(Footnotes)

1 Patients in the different studies had varying degrees of organ function, which may have contributed to the heterogeneity of the resulting pharmacokinetic parameters.

2 Hepatic or renal abnormalities were noted in 9 out of 10 patients

3 ml/min/1.73m2

4 Peak concentration observed after end of infusion

5 Peak concentration 0.5-4.0 hours after start of infusion

6 Steady state peak concentration

7 ml/min/kg

Abbreviations: Cp = peak concentration; tmax = time of the maximum concentration; t1/2 = elimination half-life; Vd = volume of distribution; CLt = total clearance; CLr = renal clearance; Y = years; M = months; D = days; NA = not available

 

 

Table 2. Dosage Formulations of Chloramphenicol

Oral

            Chloramphenicol capsulesa                                                        250 mg

            Chloramphenicol palmitate solutiona                                           150 mg/mL

                       

Intravenous

            Injection, powder for reconstitution, as sodium succinate              1 g vial

           

Otic

            Chloramphenicol otic solution                                                     0.5%

 

Ophthalmic

            Chloramphenicol ophthalmic solution                                           0.5%

            Chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointment                                         1%      

            Powder for ophthalmic solution a                                                  25 mg/vial 

         

 a Not available in the United States

 

 

 

Figure 1.  Chemical Structure of Chloramphenicol