Table
3. Pharmacokinetic parameters for
dihydroartemisinin in humans
Dose
(mg/kg) |
Route |
Subjects
(n)* |
Cmax
(µg/l) |
tmax
(min) |
t½
(min) |
V/F
(l/kg) |
CL/F
(l/h/kg) |
Ref. |
||
1.1
- |
oral |
6;
H |
130
- |
80 |
94
- |
|
|
116
|
||
8.0 |
rectal |
5;
H |
110 |
4.7
h |
4.8
h |
|
|
116
|
||
1.2 |
oral |
6;PF |
490 |
80 |
58 |
1.8 |
1.35 |
18
|
||
300
mg
300
mg |
oral
oral
+ M |
10;
H |
653
624 |
84
84 |
51
52 |
3.5
3.2 |
2.6
2.6 |
101
|
||
300
mg |
oral |
8;
H |
679 |
90 |
76 |
5.5 |
3.2 |
97
|
||
2.3 |
oral |
8;
PF |
1052 |
127 |
53 |
- |
- |
25
|
||
2.3 |
oral |
7;
H |
483 |
150 |
61 |
- |
- |
25
|
||
DHA
pharmacokinetic parameters after administration of artesunate |
|
|||||||||
3.8 |
i.v. |
4;
H |
3350 |
8.7 |
48 |
|
|
158
|
||
2.5 |
i.v. |
6;
PF |
>2000 |
- |
34 |
|
|
13
|
||
2.6 |
rectal |
6;
H |
240 |
|
58 |
|
|
19
|
||
2.6 |
oral |
6;
H |
570 |
30
- 60 |
39 |
|
|
20
|
||
3.0 |
oral |
10;
CPF |
664 |
100 |
60 |
|
|
22
|
||
2.4 |
i.v. |
26;
PF |
2640 |
9 |
40 |
0.76 |
0.75 |
17
|
||
1.8 |
oral |
24;
PF |
735 |
90 |
39 |
|
|
17
|
||
2.5 |
i.v. |
12;
PV |
2200 |
8 |
37 |
0.92 |
1.10 |
16
|
||
1.9 |
oral |
11;
PV |
850 |
75 |
40 |
|
|
16
|
||
2.23 |
i.v. |
12;
PF severe |
2417 |
10.4 |
40 |
0.77 |
1.09 |
36
|
||
2.16 |
i.v. |
8;
PF moderately severe |
2530 |
9.9 |
64 |
1.01 |
0.73 |
36
|
||
4.9 |
i.v.
infusion; 4h |
10;
PF moderately severe |
910 |
240;
end infusion |
46 |
0.78 |
0.73 |
36 |
||
2.4 |
i.v. |
17;
H |
923 |
12 |
50 |
- |
- |
25
|
||
3.0 |
oral |
10;
H |
768 |
70 |
46 |
- |
- |
25
|
||
6.0 |
oral |
10;
CPF |
1920 |
- |
72 |
- |
- |
120
|
||
15.0 |
rectal |
9;
CPF |
480 |
- |
42 |
- |
- |
120
|
||
300
mg† |
oral |
8;
H |
500 |
90 |
106 |
- |
- |
98
|
||
300
mg†† |
oral |
8;
H |
928 |
90 |
104 |
- |
- |
98
|
||
1.8 |
rectal |
12;
CPF |
180 |
68 |
- |
- |
- |
50
|
||
3.1 |
oral
rectal |
12;
H |
874
386 |
56
108 |
- |
- |
- |
102
|
||
10
20 |
rectal
rectal |
10;
PF
16;
PF |
682
882 |
102
108 |
47
51
|
4.4
5.9 |
1.3
1.1 |
73
|
||
DHA
pharmacokinetic parameters after administration of artemether |
|
|||||||||
200
mg |
oral |
6;
H |
380 |
6
h |
10.6
h |
|
|
100
|
||
200
mg |
oral |
8;
PF |
590 |
7.4
h |
12.5
h |
|
|
100
|
||
5.0 |
oral |
8;
H |
286 |
1.8
h |
1.9
h |
|
|
132
|
||
5.0 |
Oral |
8;H |
885 |
2.8
h |
5.5
h |
|
|
131
|
||
6 |
Oral |
13;P |
450 |
3
h |
2.9
h |
|
|
62
|
||
7.0 |
Oral |
50;P |
196-354 |
6
h |
|
|
|
63
|
||
5.0 |
i.m. |
8;
H |
40 |
7.0
h |
|
|
|
132
|
||
5.0 |
rectal |
8;
H |
25 |
3.5
h |
|
|
|
132
|
||
3.5 |
oral |
6;
H |
273 |
1.9
h |
|
|
|
94
|
*
H = healthy volunteers, PF = adult patients with falciparum malaria, PV = adult
patients with vivax malaria, CPF = child patients with falciparum malaria,
Cmax=maximum plasma concentration; tmax=time of maximum
concentration; t1/2=elimination half-life; ka=first order absorption rate
constant; V/F= volume of distribution after non-i.v. administration;
CL/F=clearance after non-i.v. administration