Table 1:  Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (ug/mL) of Cephalosporins against Brucella Species

 

Hall (95  )

Mortensen ( 134 )

 

Palenque (149  )

 

Drug

MIC50

MIC100

MIC50

MIC90

(Range)

MIC50

MIC90

(Range)

Cephalothin

12.5

>100

8

32

(1-64)
NT

NT

NT

Cephaloridine

12.5

>100

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

Cephalexin

12.5

>100

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

Cefoxitin

NT

NT

4

16

(2-16)

NT

NT

NT

Cefamandole

NT

NT

16

32

(4->64)

NT

NT

NT

Moxalactam

NT

NT

8

16

(1-16)

16

16

(4-16)

Cefotaxime

NT

NT

1

2

(<0.5-4)

1

2

(0.5-2)

Cefoperazone

NT

NT

16

16

(<1-16)

16

32

(4-64)

Ceftizoxime

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

0.5

1

(0.5-1)

Cefuroxime

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

32

32

(8-64)

Aztreonam

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

128

>256

(64->256)

Ceftriaxone

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

0.5

1

(0.25-1)

Ceftazidime

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

32

32

(16-32)

 Brucella species and no. strains tested

 

Hall ( 95 )

Mortensen ( 134 )

Palenque (149  )

B. abortus

7

4

0

B. melitensis

2

7

83

B. suis

10

2

0

B. canis

4

2

0

 

Table 2:  Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (ug/mL) of Tetracyclines Against Brucella Species 

Drug

No. strains tested

MIC90

MIC range

Reference

Tetracycline

27

0.03

0.001 - 0.07

(95)

 

98

0.39

0.1 - 0.5

(90)

 

15

0.25

<0.13 - 0.25

(134)

 

95

0.25

0.06 - 0.25

(38)

 

47

0.04

0.001 - 0.6

(107)

 

358

0.25

0.06 - 0.5

(112)

 

105

0.25

0.06 - 0.25

(159)

 

62

0.20

0.01 - 0.20

(81)

Minocycline

27

0.30

0.01 - 0.30

(95)

 

86

0.40

NR

(169)

 

85

0.04

NR

(18)

Doxycycline

27

0.30

0.01 - 0.30

(95)

 

95

0.12

0.06 - 0.25

(38)

 NR,  not reported

 

Table 3:   Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (ug/mL) of Aminoglycosides Against Brucella Species

Drug

No. strains tested

MIC90

(Range)a

(Ref)

Streptomycin

27

2.5

(0.02-5.0)

( 95)

 

8

4.0

(1.0-4.0)

(134)

 

95

0.5

(0.12-1.0)

(38)

 

47

2.5

(0.15-5.0)

(107)

 

86

3.1

(NR)

(169)

 

146

1.0

(0.5-2.0)

(160)

 

62

0.2

(0.01-0.2)

(81)

Gentamicin

27

0.4

(0.02-2.5)

(95)

 

15

1.0

(0.25-2.0)

(134)

 

105

0.25

(0.12-0.5)

(159)

 

146

0.25

(0.12-0.5)

(160)

Kanamycin

27

2.5

(0.02-5.0)

(95)

Tobramycin

15

2.0

(0.5-4.0)

(134)

Amikacin

15

2.0

(1.0-4.0)

(134)

    aNR, not reported 

 

Table 4: Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (ug/mL) of Co-trimoxazole Against Brucella Species

Drug

No. Strains Tested

MIC90

(Range)a

(Ref)

Co-trimoxazole

98

32

(8-128)

(90)

 

15

1/19b

(<0.25/4.5-1/19)

(134)

 

95

0.25

(0.06-0.5)

(38)

 

47

5.0

(5.0-25)

(107)

 

86

6.3

(NR)

(169)

 

105

1.0

(0.12-1.0)

(159)

 

146

1.0

(0.12-1.0)

(160)

 

62

4/76b

(0.1/1.9-4/76)

(81)

 aNR, not reported

bValues shown for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole components

 

Table 5: Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (ug/mL) of Rifampin Against Brucella species

Drug

No. strains Tested

MIC90

(Range)a

(Ref)

Rifampin

27

1.25

(0.02-12.5)

(95)

 

107

<2.5

(0.018-10)

(55)

 

98

0.5

(0.06-1.0)

(90)

 

8

1.0

(0.06-1.0)

(134)

 

95

0.5

(0.12-4.0)

(38)

 

47

1.25

(0.02-2.5)

(107)

 

86

4.0

(NR)

(169)

 

105

1.0

(0.12-1.0)

(160)

 

62

1.0

(0.1-4.0)

(80)

 

146

1.0

(0.12-1.0)

(159)

aNR, not reported 

 

Table 6:  Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (ug/mL) of Selected Quinolones Against Brucella Species

Drug

No. strains tested

MIC90

MIC range

(Ref)

Ciprofloxacin

68

1.0

0.5  - 1.0

(87)

 

95

0.5

0.12- 0.5

(38)

 

62

0.5

NR

(82)

 

22

0.78

0.39 - 0.78

(32)

 

47

1.25

1.25 - 2.5

(107)

 

86

0.80

NR

(169)

 

146

0.5

0.06 - 0.5

(160)

 

105

0.5

0.06 - 0.5

(159)

 

123

0.5

0.25 - 0.5

(81)

 

160

1.0

0.25 - 1.0

(198)

Norfloxacin

68

8.0

2.0   - 8.0

(87)

 

62

4.0

1.0   - 4.0

(82)

 

146

0.5

0.12 - 0.5

(160)

 

105

4.0

0.12 ->4.0

(159)

Ofloxacin

62

1.0

NR

(82)

 

28

0.78

0.39 - 0.78

(32)

 

47

0.02

0.02 - 0.30

(107)

 

86

2.5

NR

(169)

Perfloxacin

62

4.0

(2.0-4.0)

(82)

 

86

3.1

(NR)

(169)

 

146

0.5

(0.06-0.5)

(160)

 

105

4.0

(0.06->4)

(159)

Levofloxacin

160

0.5

0.5

(198)

Trovafloxacin

160

1.0

0.5-1.0

(198)

Sitafloxacin

160

0.06

0.06

(198)

Moxifloxacin

160

1.0

1.0

(198)

Grepafloxacin

160

1.0

1.0-4.0

(198)

Gatifloxacin

160

2.0

1.0-2.0

(198)

aNR, not reported

Table 7.  Studies Comparing Antimicrobial Combinations in the Treatment of Brucellosis

 Drugs (doses)  Duration (days)a

No. Patients Treated

No. Failed/Relapsed

Rate (%)

(Ref)

Tetracycline (2 g/day)30 + Streptomycin (1g/day)21

28

2

(7.1)

(22)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)30 + Rifampin (15 mg/kg/day) 30

18

7

(38.9)

(22)

Tetracycline (2 g/day)21 + streptomycin (1 g/day)14

27

10

(37)

(2)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 days + Streptomycin (1g/day)21

53

2

(3.8)

(2)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Rifampin (900 mg/day)45

65

3

(4.6)

(2)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)30 + Streptomycin (1g/day)21

59

5

(8.5)

(49)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Rifampin (15 mg/kg/day)45

52

7

(13.5)

(49)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Streptomycin (1 g/day)15

51

3

(5.8)

(24)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Rifampin (15 mg/kg/day)45

44

6

(13.6)

(24)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Rifampin (600 mg/day)45

30

1

(3.3)

(6)

Ofloxacin (400 mg/day) + Rifampin (600 mg/day)45

31

2

(6.5)

(6)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Streptomycin 1 g/day)14

40

3

(7.5)

(131)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Streptomycin (1 g/day)21

44

1

(2.3)

(131)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Rifampin (900 mg/day)45

46

6

(13)

(131)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Streptomycin (1 g/day)14

94

7

(7.4)

(182)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Rifampin (15 mg/kg/day)45

100

24

(24)

(182)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Streptomycin (1 g/day)14

38

3

(7.9)

(183)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + Rifampin (15 mg/kg/day)21

38

12

(31.6)

(183)

Tetracycline (NR)90 + Streptomycin (NR)21

102

4

(3.9)

(15)

Tetracycline (NR)90 + Co-trimoxazole (NR)21

96

10

(10.4)

(15)

Co-trimoxazole (NR)90 + Streptomycin (NR)21

31

3

(9.7)

(15)

Co-trimoxazole (NR)90 + Rifampin (NR)21

4

1

(25)

(15)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)45 + gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day)7

17

1

(5.9)

(184)

Doxycycline (200 mg/day)30 + gentamicin ( 5mg/kg/day)7

35

8

(22.9)

(184)

aNR, not reported

 

Table 8:  Comparison of Antimicrobial Drugs for the Treatment of Childhood Brucellosis 

 

Failure/Relapse Rates (%) by Length of Therapy (weeks)

 

3

5

8

Oxytetracycline (30 mg/kg/day) q.i.d

9.2

8.8

3.1

Doxycycline (5 mg/kg/day) b.i.d.

8.0

6.7

0.0

Oxytetracycline (30 mg/kg/day) q.i.d. + streptomycin (1 g/day) 21 day

2.1

0.0

0.0

Doxycycline (5 mg/kg/day) b.i.d. + streptomycin (1 g/day) 21 day

0.0

0.0

0.0

Oxytetracycline (30 mg/kg/day) q.i.d. + gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day) 5 day

0.0

0.0

0.0

Co-trimoxazole (10/50 mg/kg/day) b.i.d.

30

29.7

28.6

Co-trimoxazole (10/50 mg/kg/day) b.i.d + streptomycin (1 g/day) 21 day

2.6

2.0

0.0

Co-trimoxazole (10/50 mg/kg/day) b.i.d. + gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day) 5 day

0.0

0.0

0.0

Rifampin (20 mg/kg/day) b.i.d.

5.4

5.0

3.3

Rifampin (20 mg/kg/day) b.i.d. + streptomycin (1 g/day)21 day

6.7

0.0

0.0

Rifampin (20 mg/kg/day) b.i.d. + gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day)5 day

0.0

0.0

0.0

Rifampin (20 mg/kg/day) b.i.d. + co-trimoxazole (10/50 mg/kg/day) b.i.d.

7.7

7.7

0.0

Rifampin (20 mg/kg/day) b.i.d. + oxytetracycline (30 mg/kg/day) q.i.d.

5.0

6.7

0.0

Co-trimoxazole (10/50 mg/kg/day) + oxytetracycline (30 mg/kg/day) q.i.d.

7.7

4.0

0.0

 Data modified from Lubani MM, Dudin KI, Sharda DC, Manandhar DS, Araj GF, Hafez HA, Al-Saleh QA, Helin I, Salhi MM. A multicenter therapeutic study of 1100 children with brucellosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8: 75-78, with permission.