Table 1:  Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Francisella tularensis Isolates from Ticks.*

 Drug

Result (mg/mL)*

 MIC50

 MIC50

  MIC90

 Cefotaxime

 0.5

 2

 4

 Moxalactam

 £0.12

 £0.12

 0.25

 Cefoperazone

 8

 16

 >32

 Ceftazidime

 0.25

  £0.5

 £0.5

 Ceftriaxone

 0.5

 2

 8

 Streptomycin

 4

 2

 4

 Gentamicin

 1

 1

 2

 Amikacin

 2

 1

 2

 Tobramycin

 ...

 1

 2

 Netilmicin

 ...

 1

 2

 Tetracycline

 1

 2

 2

 Doxycycline

 2

 ...

 ...

 Chloramphenicol

 0.5

 1

 1

 Rifampin

 0.5

 ...

 ...

 Erythromycin

 2

 1

 2

 Clindamycin

 ...

 >2

 >2

 Rifampin

 ...

 0.5

 1

 Vancomycin 

 ...

 >16

 16

 *Table modified and adapted from Baker, Hossis and Thornsberry in 1985 and Markowitz, Hynes, de la Cruz, Campos,  Barbaree, Plikaytis, Mosier, Kaufmann, 1985.

 

Table 2:  Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Francisella tularensis Isolates From Patients.+

Drug

 Result (mg/mL)*

 MIC

 MBC

 Erythromycin

 0.5, 1

  0.5, 1

 Tetracycline

 0.5, 0.5

 0.5, 0.5

 Chloramphenicol

 1, 1

 1, 1

 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

 6

 6

 Gentamicin

 0.2, 1 

 0.2, 1 

 Clindamycin

 8,8

  8, 16

+   Adapted from Westerman and McDonald, 1983.

*   The listing of two values indicates two isolates.

 

Table 3:  Summary of the Results of Antimicrobial Treatment of Tularemia

Drug (Number of Articles Reviewed)

 Total

 Cure*

 Relapse

 Deterioration

 Death

 Not Stated

 Streptomycin (8)

 224

 217 (97)

 0

 1

 6

 0

 Gentamicin (21)

 36

 31 (86)

 2

 2

 1

 0

 Chloramphenicol (7)

 43

 33 (77)

 9

 1

 0

 0

 Tobramycin (4)

 6

 3 (50)

 0

 0

 2

 1

 Tetracycline (13)

 50

 44 (88)

 6

 0

 0

 0

 Ceftriaxone (1)

 8

  0 (...)

 0

 8

 0

 0

 Imipenem/cilastatin (1)

 1 (100)

 0

 0

 0

 0

 0

 Ciprofloxacin (2)

 5

 5 (100)

 0

 0

 0

 0

 Norfloxacin (1)

 1

 1 (100)

 0

 0

 0

 0

+  Modified from Enderlin, Morales, Jacobs, and Cross, 1994.

*  Figures in parentheses are percentages 

 

Table 4:  Susceptibility of 10 Isolates of Francisella tularensis to Quinolones.*

Drug   

  Mean MBC ± SE (mg/mL)

Ciprofloxacin

0.13 ± 0.04

Norfloxacin

0.24 ± 0.07

Ofloxacin

2.16 ± 0.78

Pefloxacin

0.51 ± 0.50

*   Modified from Syrjala, Schildt, Raisainene, 1991.