Table 1: Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Francisella tularensis Isolates from Ticks.*
Drug
Result (mg/mL)*
MIC50
MIC50
MIC90
Cefotaxime
0.5
2
4
Moxalactam
£0.12
£0.12
0.25
Cefoperazone
8
16
>32
Ceftazidime
0.25
£0.5
£0.5
Ceftriaxone
0.5
2
8
Streptomycin
4
2
4
Gentamicin
1
1
2
Amikacin
2
1
2
Tobramycin
...
1
2
Netilmicin
...
1
2
Tetracycline
1
2
2
Doxycycline
2
...
...
Chloramphenicol
0.5
1
1
Rifampin
0.5
...
...
Erythromycin
2
1
2
Clindamycin
...
>2
>2
Rifampin
...
0.5
1
Vancomycin
...
>16
16
*Table modified and adapted from Baker, Hossis and Thornsberry in 1985 and Markowitz, Hynes, de la Cruz, Campos, Barbaree, Plikaytis, Mosier, Kaufmann, 1985.
Table 2: Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Francisella tularensis Isolates From Patients.+
Drug
Result (mg/mL)*
MIC
MBC
Erythromycin
0.5, 1
0.5, 1
Tetracycline
0.5, 0.5
0.5, 0.5
Chloramphenicol
1, 1
1, 1
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
6
6
Gentamicin
0.2, 1
0.2, 1
Clindamycin
8,8
8, 16
+ Adapted from Westerman and McDonald, 1983.
* The listing of two values indicates two isolates.
Table 3: Summary of the Results of Antimicrobial Treatment of Tularemia
Drug (Number of Articles Reviewed)
Total
Cure*
Relapse
Deterioration
Death
Not Stated
Streptomycin (8)
224
217 (97)
0
1
6
0
Gentamicin (21)
36
31 (86)
2
2
1
0
Chloramphenicol (7)
43
33 (77)
9
1
0
0
Tobramycin (4)
6
3 (50)
0
0
2
1
Tetracycline (13)
50
44 (88)
6
0
0
0
Ceftriaxone (1)
8
0 (...)
0
8
0
0
Imipenem/cilastatin (1)
1 (100)
0
0
0
0
0
Ciprofloxacin (2)
5
5 (100)
0
0
0
0
Norfloxacin (1)
1
1 (100)
0
0
0
0
+ Modified from Enderlin, Morales, Jacobs, and Cross, 1994.
* Figures in parentheses are percentages
Table 4: Susceptibility of 10 Isolates of Francisella tularensis to Quinolones.*
Drug
Mean MBC ± SE (mg/mL)
Ciprofloxacin
0.13 ± 0.04
Norfloxacin
0.24 ± 0.07
Ofloxacin
2.16 ± 0.78
Pefloxacin
0.51 ± 0.50
* Modified from Syrjala, Schildt, Raisainene, 1991.