Table 1. In vitro susceptibilities of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansa
Antibiotic |
n |
Range |
MIC50 |
MIC90 |
Breakpointb |
% Susceptible |
Reference |
Amikacin |
24 |
0.8->25 |
6.25 |
25 |
|
|
|
Amikacin |
14 |
3.1-12.5 |
3.1 |
12.5 |
|
|
|
Gentamicin |
14 |
1.6-6.25 |
3.1 |
6.25 |
|
|
|
Gentamicin |
20 |
0.1-10 |
|
|
|
|
|
Streptomycin |
37 |
0.75-12.5 |
1.5 |
3 |
|
|
|
Tobramycin |
14 |
1.6-3.1 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
|
|
|
Tobramycin |
5 |
2.0-3.3 |
2.5 |
3 |
|
|
|
Amoxycillin |
16 |
0.5-16 |
2 |
16 |
|
|
|
Amoxycillin |
50 |
0.06-8 |
0.25 |
2 |
|
|
|
Amoxycillin |
73 |
0.12-2.0 |
0.5 |
1.0 |
|
|
|
Amoxycillin clavulanate |
50 |
0.06-8 |
0.25 |
2 |
< 4/2 |
|
|
Amoxycillin clavulanate |
<14 |
0.06-0.5 |
0.25 |
0.5 |
< 4/2 |
100 |
|
Ampicillin |
<14 |
0.06-0.5 |
0.25 |
0.5 |
<1 |
100 |
|
Ampicillin |
24 |
<0.1->25 |
1.6 |
25 |
<1 |
|
|
Ampicillin |
59 |
1-128 |
4 |
128 |
<1 |
5 |
|
Ampicillin |
37 |
0.37->100 |
>100 |
>100 |
<1 |
|
|
Penicillin |
37 |
0.75->100 |
>100 |
>100 |
|
|
|
Penicillin |
59 |
1-128 |
4 |
64 |
|
|
|
Penicillin |
14 |
0.8->100 |
3.1 |
6.25 |
|
|
|
Penicillin |
24 |
<0.1->25 |
3.1 |
12.5 |
|
|
|
Penicillin |
16 |
1-8 |
8 |
8 |
|
|
|
Penicillin |
50 |
0.12-8 |
2 |
8 |
|
|
|
Penicillin |
73 |
0.5-8.0 |
2.0 |
4.0 |
|
|
|
Carbenicillin |
59 |
0.1-128 |
0.1 |
32 |
|
|
|
Carbenicillin |
14 |
0.4->100 |
0.4 |
3.1 |
|
|
|
Mezlocillin |
14 |
0.8->100 |
1.6 |
3.1 |
|
|
|
Piperacillin |
24 |
0.4->25 |
12.5 |
>25 |
|
|
|
Ticarcillin |
24 |
0.2->25 |
6.2 |
12.5 |
|
|
|
Ticarcillin |
14 |
0.4->100 |
0.8 |
3.1 |
|
|
|
Ticarcillin |
5 |
0.25-0.5 |
0.38 |
|
|
|
|
Cefadroxyl |
<14 |
0.25-16 |
8 |
16 |
|
|
|
Cefamandole |
14 |
0.8->100 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
<4 |
93 |
|
Cefazolin |
14 |
0.8->100 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
|
|
|
Cefdinir |
5 |
0.047-0.19 |
0.125 |
|
<1 |
100 |
|
Cefepime |
5 |
0.064-0.25 |
0.19 |
|
<2 |
100 |
|
Cefixime |
50 |
0.3-2.2 |
|
0.8 |
<1 |
|
|
Cefotaxime |
14 |
0.1->100 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
<2 |
93 |
|
Cefotaxime |
5 |
0.023-0.064 |
0.032 |
|
<2 |
100 |
|
Cefotaxime |
20 |
0.02-0.5 |
|
|
<2 |
100 |
|
Cefoxitin |
14 |
0.4->100 |
1.6 |
6.25 |
|
|
|
Cefoxitin |
5 |
0.25-1.5 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
Cefoxitin |
20 |
0.2-4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cefpirome |
5 |
0.064-0.25 |
0.125 |
0.125 |
|
|
|
Cefpodoxime |
5 |
0.032-0.19 |
0.125 |
|
<2 |
100 |
|
Cefprozil |
5 |
0.38-3 |
1.5 |
|
<8 |
100 |
|
Cefradine |
14 |
12.5-100 |
12.5 |
25 |
|
|
|
Ceftazidime |
5 |
0.064-0.25 |
0.125 |
|
<2 |
100 |
|
Ceftibuten |
5 |
0.023-0.19 |
0.032 |
|
<2 |
100 |
|
Ceftriaxone |
24 |
<0.1-3.1 |
0.2 |
1.6 |
<2 |
|
|
Ceftriaxone |
5 |
0.006-0.023 |
0.006 |
|
<2 |
100 |
|
Cefuroxime |
<14 |
0.6-2 |
0.25 |
2 |
<4 |
100 |
|
Cefuroxime |
14 |
0.4->100 |
0.4 |
1.6 |
<4 |
93 |
|
Cefuroxime |
5 |
0.125-0.38 |
0.19 |
|
<4 |
100 |
|
Cephalexin |
14 |
6.25->100 |
6.25 |
12.5 |
|
|
|
Cephalexin |
<14 |
0.5-16 |
4 |
8 |
|
|
|
Cephalothin |
14 |
0.4->100 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
|
|
|
Cephapirin |
24 |
<0.1-6.2 |
0.4 |
3.1 |
|
|
|
Imipenem |
5 |
0.25-0.75 |
0.38 |
|
<4 |
100 |
|
Meropenem |
5 |
0.064-0.19 |
0.125 |
|
<0.5 |
100 |
|
Chloramphenicol |
24 |
0.4-6.2 |
0.8 |
3.1 |
<2 |
|
|
Chloramphenicol |
37 |
<0.3-1.5 |
0.75 |
1.5 |
<2 |
100 |
|
Chloramphenicol |
59 |
1-2 |
1 |
1 |
<2 |
100 |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
50 |
0.001-0.02 |
|
0.01 |
<1 |
100 |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
16 |
<0.125-0.5 |
<0.125 |
0.25 |
<1 |
100 |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
50 |
0.01-0.08 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
<1 |
100 |
|
Enoxacin |
11 |
<0.03-1 |
0.12 |
0.5 |
|
|
|
Ofloxacin |
<14 |
<0.03-0.25 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
<2 |
100 |
|
Ofloxacin |
11 |
<0.03-0.125 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
<2 |
100 |
|
Tosufloxacin |
11 |
<0.50 |
<0.50 |
<0.50 |
|
|
|
Azithromycin |
79 |
<0.25-2 |
1 |
2 |
<4 |
100 |
|
Azithromycin |
73 |
0.06-2.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
<4 |
100 |
|
Clarithromycin |
50 |
1-16 |
4 |
16 |
<8 |
|
|
Clarithromycin |
87 |
0.12-8 |
0.5 |
2 |
<8 |
100 |
|
Erythromycin |
11 |
1-32 |
2 |
16 |
|
|
|
Erythromycin |
59 |
0.1-128 |
8 |
32 |
|
|
|
Erythromycin |
79 |
0.5-8 |
4 |
8 |
|
|
|
Erythromycin |
50 |
0.25-128 |
2 |
4 |
|
|
|
Erythromycin |
87 |
0.5-32 |
2 |
16 |
|
|
|
Spiramycin |
50 |
0.25-128 |
32 |
64 |
|
|
|
Pristinamycin |
50 |
0.5-2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
Clindamycin |
11 |
0.25->64 |
4 |
>64 |
|
|
|
Clindamycin |
14 |
1.6-12.5 |
6.25 |
12.5 |
|
|
|
Clindamycin |
59 |
2-128 |
32 |
128 |
|
|
|
Clindamycin |
16 |
1->16 |
16 |
>16 |
|
|
|
Rifampicin |
24 |
<0.1-3.1 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
<1 |
|
|
Rifampicin |
5 |
0.094-2 |
0.75 |
|
<1 |
|
|
Rifampicin |
14 |
0.2-0.8 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
<1 |
100 |
|
Doxycycline |
16 |
0.5-4 |
2 |
4 |
|
|
|
Doxycycline |
14 |
0.4-3.1 |
1.6 |
3.1 |
|
|
|
Minocycline |
59 |
0.1-4 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
Minocycline |
14 |
0.2-1.6 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
|
|
|
Minocycline |
11 |
0.125-4 |
0.25 |
2 |
|
|
|
Tetracycline |
59 |
0.1-1 |
0.1 |
1 |
<2 |
100 |
|
Tetracycline |
37 |
0.37-3.1 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
<2 |
|
|
Tetracycline |
14 |
0.4-1.6 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
<2 |
100 |
|
Tetracycline |
11 |
0.5-8 |
1 |
4 |
<2 |
|
|
Tetracycline |
24 |
0.2-12.5 |
0.8 |
3.1 |
<2 |
|
|
Tetracycline |
50 |
0.03-16 |
0.25 |
0.5 |
<2 |
|
|
Tetracycline |
73 |
0.24-4.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
<2 |
|
|
Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole |
20 |
0.08-5 |
|
|
<0.5/9.5 |
|
|
Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole |
5 |
0.023-0.125 |
0.047 |
|
<0.5/9.5 |
100 |
|
Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole |
14 |
0.2-1.6 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
<0.5/9.5 |
|
|
Metronidazole |
11 |
8->64 |
64 |
>64 |
|
|
|
Metronidazole |
16 |
8-32 |
16 |
>32 |
|
|
|
Metronidazole |
50 |
32->512 |
64 |
128 |
|
|
|
Metronidazole |
59 |
0.1-64 |
0.1 |
16 |
|
|
|
Metronidazole |
73 |
0.25-128 |
16 |
16 |
|
|
|
Ornidazole |
50 |
1->512 |
4 |
16 |
|
|
|
Tinidazole |
14 |
0.4->100 |
0.4 |
1.6 |
|
|
a Modified
from (16, 22, 25,
34, 36, 41,
48, 49, 50,
51, 53, 60,
73).
b Current NCCLS susceptible MIC interpretive standards for Haemophilus
spp. (µg/mL) (46)